Wildfire smoke poses serious health risks beyond the lungs, experts warn

The number of wildfires in Europe has surged 57% in four years, according to the WHO European Region, with Portugal and Spain each recording a 100% increase in 2026 compared to 2025 Source: euronewses. The health impacts extend far beyond the flames, as smoke contains a toxic mixture of gases and fine particles that can travel hundreds of kilometers Source: elnacionalve.

Health risks

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and PM10 are the primary threats. These particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, potentially triggering cardiovascular events, strokes, and exacerbating diabetes Source: infobae. A new study in JAMA Network Open found that wildfire smoke PM2.5 is associated with a 6% increase in emergency department visits for migraines and headaches Source: elconfidencial-2.

Vulnerable populations

• Older adults, children, pregnant women, and those with pre-existing respiratory or cardiovascular conditions are most at risk Source: diariolibree.
• Firefighters face additional dangers from prolonged exposure during and after fires, including contamination of gear and vehicles Source: elnacionalve.

Official recommendations

Spanish Health Minister Mónica García advised residents in affected areas (Madrid and Ávila) to stay indoors, avoid physical activity, and use FFP2/FFP3 masks if going outside . The WHO urged governments to provide timely alerts and accessible healthcare .